Q
QED 159, 428
QEF/QEI 428
QI. See Quételet index
Qin Jiushao. See Ch’in Chiu-
shao
quadrangle. See quadrilateral
quadrant 363, 428
quadratic 428–430
quadratic curve 430
quadratic equations 163, 373,
443
quadratic form 430
quadratic formula 84, 200,
451
quadrature of the circle. See
squaring the circle
Quadrature of the Parabola
(Archimedes) 18
quadrilateral 88, 376, 430,
430
quadruple (4-tuple) 358
quantifier 199, 430–431
quantum (quanta) 158
quantum mechanics 159
quartic equation 59–60, 84,
190–191, 431–432
quartile. See percentile
quaternions 241, 244–245,
359, 432
Quételet, Lambert Adolphe
Jacques 415, 432–433
Quételet index (QI) 433
quintessence 397
quintic equation 3
quipu 260
quotient 85, 146, 204, 433
quotient rule 133, 433–434
R
radian 14, 115, 465, 477
radian measure 473, 509
radical sign 475
radius 76
radius-chord theorem 78, 78
radius of convergence 495
radix 36–38
Rahn, Johann Heinrich 146
Ramanujan, Srinivasa 246,
381, 435–436, 477
randomness 41
random numbers 436–437
random sampling 407
random walk 246, 437
range. See image
rank 437–438
rank correlation 438–439
ranunculoid 115
ratio 146, 420, 439
rational function (expression)
439–440
rationalizing the denominator
85, 440, 442, 490
rational numbers (Q) 106,
129, 358, 440–441, 443
vs. algebraic numbers 11
definable as ratio 439
and definition of real
number 441–442
denumerability of 123
discreteness of 140
ratio test 103, 182, 439
ratio theorem 439
raw data 116
ray (half-line) 441
“Real Algebraic Manifolds”
(Nash) 347
real line. See number line
real numbers (R) 106,
129–130, 358, 441–442
and Dedekind cut
119–120
and Euclid 172
nondenumerability of 123
receiver 501–502
“Recherches sur diverses
applications de l’analyse
infinitésimale à la théorie des
nombres” (Dirichlet) 140
reciprocal 442
reciprocal equation 442
Recorde, Robert 162,
442–443
rectangle 185, 376, 443, 474
area of 23, 23
vs. trapezoid 504
rectangular (Cartesian)
coordinates 62–63, 105
recurrence relation (recursive
relation, reduction formula)
443, 458
recursive definition (inductive
definition, recursion) 444
reduced form (lowest terms)
444
reductio ad absurdum. See
indirect proof
reduction formula. See
recurrence relation
re-entrant angle 276
reflection 198, 206, 283–284,
490
in a circle 225
and isometry 212
in a line 224–225
in a point 225
reflection property
of ellipse 365
of parabola 373, 373
reflex angle 14, 362
“Réflexions sur la cause
générale des vents”
(d’Alembert) 8
reflexivity 365
Regiomontanus 444–445, 511
regression 107, 445
regression line 306
regular polygon 164, 166,
402
regular polyhedron. See
Platonic solid
regular tessellation 496
“Rein Analytischer Beweis”
(Bolzano) 47
Reinhardt, Karl 497
Relación de las cosas de
Yucatán (Landa) 332
relation (relationship) 445
relative complement 131
relative error 445
relative frequency 206
relatively prime 139, 172,
174, 446
relative maximum/minimum
330–331, 331
remainder 433
remainder theorem 187, 446
removable discontinuity 440
repeating decimals 440–441,
526
retrograde motion 173
Reuleaux triangle 95
reverse function. See inverse
function
reverse J-shaped distribution
480, 480
Rhaeticus, Georg Joachim
511
Rhind, Alexander Henry 446
Rhind papyrus 9, 155–156,
392, 446–447, 476, 510
rhomboid 376
rhombus (rhomb) 376, 474
Richter, Charles 321
Richter scale 321
Riemann, Georg Friedrich 58,
227, 270, 272, 355,
447–448, 473–474, 485, 535
Riemann hypothesis 243, 246,
250, 447
Riemannian geometry. See
spherical geometry
Riemann integral 58, 447
Riemann sphere 485
Riemann’s zeta function. See
zeta function
right angle 14, 226, 448
right circular cone 473
right cylinder 115
right derivative 307–308
right-handed system 369, 448
right-hand rule 110
right identity 257
right/left, limit from the 313
right pyramid 423
right quandrangular prism
411
right spherical triangle 474
right triangle 506
right-triangle principle. See
Pythagoras’s theorem
ring 5, 144, 252, 271,
354–355, 448–449
Ringel, Gerhard 200
rise over run (slope) 467
Ritoré, Manuel 469
Rivest, Ron 111
Roberval, Gilles Personne de
57
Rolle, Michel 449
Rolle’s theorem 184, 335,
449–450
Roman numerals 155, 192,
251, 450–451
root (zero) 451, 534
root test 103–104
Ros, Antonio 469
rose 451
rotation 206, 225, 278,
283–284, 317, 490
round angle. See perigon
rounding 451–452
round-off (rounding) error
452
round-robin tournament. See
tournament
Royal Society of London 452
RSA encryption method 111
rubber-band problem
247–248
rubber-sheet geometry. See
topology
Rudolff, Christoff 475
Ruffini, Paolo 10, 72, 431
rule, 68-95-99.7 356
Russell, Bertrand Arthur
William 199, 229, 452,
452–453, 460–461, 530, 533
Russell’s paradox (antinomy)
200, 374, 453–454, 460–461
Russian multiplication
(peasant multiplication) 43,
156, 454, 454
S
Saccheri, Girolamo 171, 227,
455
saddle point 217, 492
salient 276
same side interior/exterior
angle 504
sample 143
sample mean 333
sample space 178, 413, 417,
455
The Sand Reckoning
(Archimedes) 19
sandwich result. See squeeze
rule
SAS (side-angle-side) rule 1–2,
463, 506
Scalar 456
scalar multiplication 329, 520
scalar product. See dot
product
scalar triple product 512
scale 36–38, 456
scale factor 463
scalene 506
scatter 481
Index 565