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单词 PoincareDuality
释义

Poincaré duality


If M is a compactPlanetmathPlanetmath, oriented, n-dimensional manifold, then there is a canonical (though non-natural (http://planetmath.org/NaturalTransformation)) isomorphismMathworldPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmath

D:Hq(M,)Hn-q(M,)

(where Hk(M,) is the kth homology groupMathworldPlanetmath of M with integer coefficients and Hk(M,) the kth cohomologyPlanetmathPlanetmath (http://planetmath.org/DeRhamCohomology) group) for all q, which is given by cap product with a generatorPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmath of Hn(M,)(a choice of a generator here corresponds to an orientation). This isomorphism exists withcoefficients in /2 regardless of orientation.

This isomorphism gives a nice interpretationMathworldPlanetmathPlanetmath to cup productMathworldPlanetmath. If X,Y are transverse submanifolds of M, then XY is also a submanifold. All of these submanifolds represent homology classes of M in the appropriate dimensionsMathworldPlanetmath, and

D-1([X])D-1([Y])=D-1([XY]),

where is cup product, and in intersectionMathworldPlanetmathPlanetmath, not cap product.

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更新时间:2025/5/4 9:47:36