Schrödinger operator

Let $V:{ℝ}^n\to ℝ$ be a real-valued function.The Schroedinger operator H on the Hilbert space $L^2({ℝ}^n)$ is given by the action

$$\psi \mapsto -{\nabla }^2\psi +V(x)\psi ,\psi \in L^2({ℝ}^n).$$

This can be obviously re-written as:

$$\psi \mapsto [-{\nabla }^2+V(x)]\psi ,\psi \in L^2({ℝ}^n),$$

where $[-{\nabla }^2+V(x)]$ is the Schrödinger operator, which is nowcalled the Hamiltonian operator (http://planetmath.org/HamiltonianOperatorOfAQuantumSystem), H.

For stationary quantum systems such as electrons in ‘stable’ atoms the Schrödinger equationtakes the very simple form :

$$\text{𝐇}\psi =E\psi$$

, where $E$ stands for energy eigenvalues of the stationary quantum states. Thus, in quantum mechanics of systems with finite degrees of freedom that are ‘stationary’, the Schrödinger operator is used to calculate the (time-independent) energy states of a quantum system with potential energy $V(x)$. Schrödinger called this operator the ‘Hamilton’ operator (http://planetmath.org/HamiltonianOperatorOfAQuantumSystem), or theHamiltonian (http://planetmath.org/HamiltonianOperatorOfAQuantumSystem), and the latter name is currently used in almost all of quantum physics publications, etc. The eigenvalues give the energy levels, and the wavefunctions are given by the eigenfunctions.In the more general, non-stationary, or ‘dynamic’ case, the Schrödinger equation takes the general form:

$$\text{𝐇}\psi =(-i)\partial \psi /\partial t$$

.