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单词 BetweennessInRays
释义

betweenness in rays


Let S be a linear ordered geometry.Fix a point p and consider the pencil Π(p) of all raysemanating from it. Let αβΠ(p). A point q issaid to be an interior pointPlanetmathPlanetmath of α and β if thereare points sα and tβ such that

  1. 1.

    q and s are on the same side of line pt, and

  2. 2.

    q and t are on the same side of line ps.

A point q is said to be between α and β ifthere are points sα and tβ such that q isbetween s and t. A point that is between two rays is aninterior point of these rays, but not vice versa in general. A rayρΠ(p) is said to be between rays α andβ if there is an interior point of α and β lyingon ρ.

Properties

  1. 1.

    Suppose α,β,ρΠ(p) and ρ is betweenα and β. Then

    1. (a)

      any point on ρ is an interior point of α andβ;

    2. (b)

      any point on the line containing ρ that is an interiorpoint of α and β must be a point on ρ;

    3. (c)

      there is a point q on ρ that is between α andβ. This is known as the Crossbar Theorem, the two “crossbars” being ρ and a line segmentMathworldPlanetmath joining a point on α and a point on β;

    4. (d)

      if q is defined as above, then any point between p andq is between α and β.

  2. 2.

    There are no rays between two opposite rays.

  3. 3.

    If ρ is between α and β, then β is notbetween α and ρ.

  4. 4.

    If α,βΠ(p) has a ray ρ between them, thenα and β must lie on the same half plane of some line.

  5. 5.

    The converseMathworldPlanetmath of the above statement is true too: ifα,βΠ(p) are distinct rays that are not opposite ofone another, then there exist a ray ρΠ(p) such that ρis between α and β.

  6. 6.

    Given α,βΠ(p) with αβ andα-β. We can write Π(p) as a disjoint unionMathworldPlanetmath oftwo subsets:

    1. (a)

      A={ρΠ(p)ρ is between α and β},

    2. (b)

      B=Π(p)-A.

    Let ρ,σΠ(p) be two rays distinct from both αand β. Suppose xρ and yσ. Thenρ,σ belong to the same subset if and only ifxy¯ does not intersect either α or β.

References

  • 1 D. Hilbert, Foundations of Geometry, Open Court Publishing Co. (1971)
  • 2 K. Borsuk and W. Szmielew, Foundations of Geometry, North-Holland Publishing Co. Amsterdam (1960)
  • 3 M. J. Greenberg, EuclideanPlanetmathPlanetmath and Non-Euclidean Geometries, DevelopmentMathworldPlanetmath and History, W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco (1974)
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更新时间:2025/5/4 12:43:06