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单词 BijectionBetweenUnitIntervalAndUnitSquare
释义

bijection between unit interval and unit square


The real numbers in the open unit interval  I=(0, 1)  can be uniquely represented by their decimal expansions, when these must not end in an infiniteMathworldPlanetmath string of 9’s.  Correspondingly, the elements of the open unit square I×I are represented by the pairs of such decimal expansions.

Let

P:=(0.x1x2x3, 0.y1y2y3)

be such a pair representing an arbitrary point in I×I and let

p:= 0.x1y1x2y2x3y3

Then it’s apparent that

Pp(1)

is an injectivePlanetmathPlanetmath mapping from I×I to I.  Thus

|I×I||I|.

But since I×I contains more than one horizontal open segment equally long as I (and accordingly there is a natural injection from I to I×I), we must have also

|I×I||I|.

The conclusionMathworldPlanetmath is that

|I×I|=|I|,

i.e. that the sets I×I and I have equal cardinalities,and the Schröder-Bernstein theorem even garantees a bijection between the sets.

Remark 1.  Georg Cantor utilised continued fractionsDlmfMathworldPlanetmath for constructing such a bijection between the unit interval and the unit square; cf. e.g. http://www.maa.org/pubs/AMM-March11_Cantor.pdfthis MAA article.

Remark 2.  Since the mapping  g:I  defined by

g(x)=tan(πx-π2)

is bijectiveMathworldPlanetmath, we can conclude that the sets and ×, i.e. the set of the points of a line and the set of the points of a plane, have the same cardinalities.  This common cardinality is 20.

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更新时间:2025/5/4 13:02:36