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单词 Envelope
释义

envelope


Two plane curvesMathworldPlanetmath are said to touch each other or have a tangency at a point if they have a common tangent line at that point.

The envelopeMathworldPlanetmath of a family of plane curves is a curve which touches in each of its points one of the curves of the family.

For example, the envelope of the family  y=mx-1+m2,  with m the parameter, may be justified geometrically.  It is the open (http://planetmath.org/OpenSet) lower semicircle of the unit circle.  Indeed, the distanceMathworldPlanetmath of any line

mx-y-1+m2=0

of the family from the center of the unit circle is

|m0-10-1+m2|m2+(-1)2=1,

whence the line is the tangent to the circle.

Below, the red curve is the lower semicircle of the unit circle, the black lines belong to the family  y=mx-1+m2,  and the equation of each line is given.

y=x+2y=-1y=-x3-2.
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更新时间:2025/5/4 14:50:43