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单词 Ergodic
释义

ergodic


\\PMlinkescapephrase

invariant

1 Ergodicity

Definition - Let (X,𝔅,μ) be a probability space and T:XX a measure-preserving transformationPlanetmathPlanetmath. We say that T is ergodic if all the subsets A𝔅 such that T-1(A)=A have measure 0 or 1.

In other words, if A𝔅 is invariant (http://planetmath.org/InvariantByAMeasurePreservingTransformation) by T then μ(A)=0 or μ(A)=1.

1.0.1 Motivation

Suppose (X,𝔅,μ) is a probability space and T:XX is a measure-preserving transformation. If A𝔅 is an invariant (http://planetmath.org/InvariantByAMeasurePreservingTransformation) measurable subset, with 0<μ(A)<1,then XA is also invariant and 0<μ(XA)<1. Thus, in this situation, we can study the transformationMathworldPlanetmath T by studying the two simpler transformations T|A and T|XA in the spaces A and XA, respectively.

The transformation T is ergodic precisely when T cannot be decomposed into simpler transformations. Thus, ergodic transformations are the measure-preserving transformations, in the sense described above.

Remark: When the invariant A𝔅 has measure μ(A)=0 we can ignore it (as usual in measure theory), as its presence does not affect T significantly. Thus, the study of T is not simplified when restricting to XA.

2 Examples

  • The identity transformation in a probability space (X,𝔅,μ) is ergodic if (and only if) all measurable setsMathworldPlanetmath have measure 0 or 1.

  • Let 𝕋 be the unit circlePlanetmathPlanetmath in , endowed with the arc length Lebesgue measureMathworldPlanetmath (or Haar measure). The transformation of 𝕋 given by S(x)=ax, where a𝕋, is ergodic if and only if a is not a root of unity.

Titleergodic
Canonical nameErgodic
Date of creation2013-03-22 12:19:38
Last modified on2013-03-22 12:19:38
Ownerasteroid (17536)
Last modified byasteroid (17536)
Numerical id10
Authorasteroid (17536)
Entry typeDefinition
Classificationmsc 28D05
Classificationmsc 37A25
Synonymergodicity
Synonymergodic transformation
Synonymergodic map
Related topicMeasure
Related topicErgodicTheorem
Related topicMeasurePreserving
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更新时间:2025/5/4 2:29:34