example needing two Lagrange multipliers
Find the semi-axes of the ellipse of intersection
, formed when the plane intersects the ellipsoid
Let be any point of the ellipsoid. The square (http://planetmath.org/SquareOfNumber) of the distance of this point from the midpoint (http://planetmath.org/Midpoint3) has under the constraints
(1) |
the minimum and maximum values at the end points of the semi-axes of the ellipse. Since we have two constraints, we must take equally many Lagrange multipliers, and . A necessary condition of the extremums
of
is that in to (1), also the equations
(2) |
are satisfied. I.e., we have five equations (1), (2) and five unknowns , , , , .
The equations (2) give
which expressions may be put into the equation , and so on. One obtains the values
with which the extremum points can be evaluated. The corresponding values of are 10 and , whence the major semi-axis is and the minor semi-axis .