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单词 ExampleNeedingTwoLagrangeMultipliers
释义

example needing two Lagrange multipliers


Find the semi-axes of the ellipsePlanetmathPlanetmath of intersectionMathworldPlanetmath, formed when the plane  z=x+y  intersects the ellipsoidMathworldPlanetmathPlanetmath

x24+y25+z225=1.

Let  (x,y,z)  be any point of the ellipsoid.  The square (http://planetmath.org/SquareOfNumber) x2+y2+z2 of the distance of this point from the midpointMathworldPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmath (http://planetmath.org/Midpoint3)  (0, 0, 0)  has under the constraints

{g:=x24+y25+z225-1= 0,h:=x+y-z= 0(1)

the minimum and maximum values at the end pointsPlanetmathPlanetmath of the semi-axes of the ellipse.  Since we have two constraints, we must take equally many Lagrange multipliers, λ and μ.  A necessary condition of the extremumsMathworldPlanetmath of

f:=x2+y2+z2

is that in to (1), also the equations

{fx+λgx+μhx= 2x+12xλ+μ= 0,fy+λgy+μhy= 2y+25yλ+μ= 0,fz+λgz+μhz= 2z+225zλ-μ= 0,(2)

are satisfied.  I.e., we have five equations (1), (2) and five unknowns λ, μ, x, y, z.

The equations (2) give

x=-2μλ+4,y=-5μ2λ+10,z=25μ2λ+50,

which expressions may be put into the equation  h=0, and so on.  One obtains the values

λ1=-10,λ2=-7517,μ1=±6519,μ2=±14017646

with which the extremum points  (x,y,z) can be evaluated.  The corresponding values of fare 10 and 7517, whence the major semi-axis is 10 and the minor semi-axis 525517.

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更新时间:2025/5/4 20:48:43