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单词 ExampleOfNashEquilibrium
释义

example of Nash equilibrium


Consider the first two games given as examples of normal form games.

In Prisoner’s Dilemma the only Nash equilibriumMathworldPlanetmath is for both players to play D: it’s apparent that, no matter what player 1 plays, player 2 does better playing D, and vice-versa for 1.

Battle of the Sexes has three Nash equilibria. Both (O,O) and (F,F) are Nash equilibria, since it should be clear that if player 2 expects player 1 to play O, player 2 does best by playing O, and vice-versa, while the same situation holds if player 2 expects player 1 to play F. The third is a mixed equilibrium; player 1 plays O with 23 probability and player 2 plays O with 13 probability. We confirm that these are equilibria by testing the first derivativesMathworldPlanetmath (if 0 then the strategy is either maximal or minimal). Technically we also need to check the second derivative to make sure that it is a maximum, but with simple games this is not really necessary.

Let player 1 play O with probability p and player 2 plays O with probability q.

u1(p,q)=2pq+(1-p)(1-q)=2pq-p-q+pq=3pq-p-q
u2(p,q)=pq+2(1-p)(1-q)=3pq-2p-2q
u1(p,q)p=3q-1
u2(p,q)q=3p-2

And indeed the derivatives are 0 at p=23 and q=13.

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更新时间:2025/5/4 10:18:16