“measurement”的概念、定义、习题解题方法及翻译-数学辞典

单词

measurement

释义

measurement

The role of measurement from the point of view of quantum theory, compared with classical mechanics, is strikingly different. In classical mechanics, an experiment may be designed to measure a physical system with negligible effect on the system. In quantum theory, measurement can fundamentally change the state of a system. A particle's state is described by a wave function ψ(x,t) which satisfies Schrödinger's equation. An observable A is represented by a Hermitian operator which has orthonormal eigenstates ψn(x,t). According to the Copenhagen interpretation, the particle is in a superposition of these eigenstates so that

with $inline$ Measurement of the system then randomly selects from these eigenstates and measures the observable as the eigenvalue of ψn with probability |cn|2 and collapses the wave function to cnψn. See Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.

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