Cauchy–Schwarz inequality In an inner product space V then |〈v,w〉| ≤ ∥v∥×∥w∥ for any v,w ∈V, with equality if and only if v,w are linearly dependent. Thus, the angle between non-zero vectors v,w can be defined as arccos (〈v,w〉/(∥v∥×∥w∥)).
Cauchy–Schwarz inequality
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