where runs through the residues Relatively Prime to , which is important in the representation of numbers by thesums of squares. If (i.e., and ' are Relatively Prime), then
(2)
For argument 1,
(3)
where is the Möbius Function, and for general ,
(4)
See also Möbius Function, Weyl's Criterion
References
Vardi, I. Computational Recreations in Mathematica. Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley, p. 254, 1991.