Significance
Let 
. A value 
such that 
is considered``significant'' (i.e., is not simply due to chance) is known as an Alpha Value. The Probability that avariate would assume a value greater than or equal to the observed value strictly by chance, 
, is known as aP-Value.
Depending on the type of data and conventional practices of a given field of study, a variety of different alpha values may be used. One commonly used terminology takes 
as ``not significant,'' 
,as ``significant'' (sometimes denoted *), and 
as ``highly significant'' (sometimes denoted **). Someauthors use the term ``almost significant'' to refer to 
, although this practice is notrecommended.
- Kirkman's Schoolgirl Problem
- Kirkman Triple System
- Kissing Circles Problem
- Kissing Number
- Kiss Surface
- Kite
- Klarner-Rado Sequence
- Klarner's Theorem
- Klein-Beltrami Model
- Klein Bottle
- Klein Four-Group
- Klein-Gordon Equation
- Kleinian Group
- Klein Quartic
- Klein's Absolute Invariant
- Klein's Equation
- Klein's Theorem
- Kloosterman's Sum
- k-Matrix
- Knapsack Problem
- Kneser-Sommerfeld Formula
- Knights of the Round Table
- Knights Problem
- Knight's Tour
- Knot