Spindle Torus
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One of the three Standard Tori given by the parametric equations
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with
. The exterior surface is called an Apple and the interior surface a Lemon. The above left figureshows a spindle torus, the middle a cutaway, and the right figure shows a cross-section of the spindle torus through the
-plane.See also Apple, Cyclide, Horn Torus, Lemon, Parabolic Spindle Cyclide, Ring Torus, Spindle Cyclide, Standard Tori, Torus
References
Gray, A. ``Tori.'' §11.4 in Modern Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 218-220, 1993. Pinkall, U. ``Cyclides of Dupin.'' §3.3 in Mathematical Models from the Collections of Universities and Museums (Ed. G. Fischer). Braunschweig, Germany: Vieweg, pp. 28-30, 1986.
- Exponential Divisor
- Exponential Function
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