“Cartesian Coordinates”的概念、定义、习题解题方法及翻译-数学辞典

单词

Cartesian Coordinates

释义

Cartesian Coordinates

Cartesian coordinates are rectilinear 2-D or 3-D coordinates (and therefore a special case of Curvilinear Coordinates)which are also called Rectangular Coordinates. The three axes of 3-D Cartesian coordinates, conventionally denoted thex-Axis-, y-Axis-, and z-Axis (a Notation due toDescartes ) are chosen to be linear and mutually Perpendicular. In 3-D, the coordinates , , and may lie anywhere in the Interval .

The Scale Factors of Cartesian coordinates are all unity, . The Line Element is given by

(1)

and the Volume Element by

(2)

The Gradient has a particularly simple form,

(3)

as does the Laplacian

(4)

The Laplacian is




			(5)

The Divergence is

(6)

and the Curl is

(7)

The Gradient of the Divergence is


			(8)

Laplace's Equation is separable in Cartesian coordinates.

See also Coordinates, Helmholtz Differential Equation--Cartesian Coordinates

References

Arfken, G. ``Special Coordinate Systems--Rectangular Cartesian Coordinates.'' §2.3 in Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 3rd ed. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, pp. 94-95, 1985.

Morse, P. M. and Feshbach, H. Methods of Theoretical Physics, Part I. New York: McGraw-Hill, p. 656, 1953.

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