“Euler-Lagrange Differential Equation”的概念、定义、习题解题方法及翻译-数学辞典

单词

Euler-Lagrange Differential Equation

释义

Euler-Lagrange Differential Equation

A fundamental equation of Calculus of Variations which states that if is defined by an Integral of the form

(1)

where

(2)

then

has a Stationary Value if the Euler-Lagrange differential equation

(3)

is satisfied. If time Derivative Notation is replaced instead by space variable notation, theequation becomes

(4)

In many physical problems,

(the Partial Derivative of

with respect to

) turns out to be 0, in which case a manipulation of the Euler-Lagrange differential equation reduces to the greatly simplified andpartially integrated form known as the Beltrami Identity,

(5)

For three independent variables (Arfken 1985, pp. 924-944), the equation generalizes to

(6)

Problems in the Calculus of Variations often can be solved by solution of the appropriate Euler-Lagrange equation.

To derive the Euler-Lagrange differential equation, examine


			(7)

since

. Now, integrate the second term by Parts using

			(8)
			(9)

(10)

Combining (7) and (10) then gives

(11)

But we are varying the path only, not the endpoints, so

and (11) becomes

(12)

We are finding the Stationary Values such that

. These must vanish for any smallchange

, which gives from (12),

(13)

This is the Euler-Lagrange differential equation.

The variation in can also be written in terms of the parameter as


			(14)

where

			(15)
			(16)

and the first, second, etc., variations are

			(17)
			(18)
			(19)
			(20)

The second variation can be re-expressed using

(21)

(22)

But

(23)

Now choose

such that

(24)

and

such that

(25)

so that

satisfies

(26)

It then follows that

(27)

See also Beltrami Identity, Brachistochrone Problem, Calculus of Variations,Euler-Lagrange Derivative

References

Arfken, G. Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 3rd ed. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, 1985.

Forsyth, A. R. Calculus of Variations. New York: Dover, pp. 17-20 and 29, 1960.

Morse, P. M. and Feshbach, H. ``The Variational Integral and the Euler Equations.'' §3.1 in Methods of Theoretical Physics, Part I. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 276-280, 1953.

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