Gauss's Criterion
Let 
be an Odd Prime and 
a Positive Integer not divisible by . Then for each Positive OddInteger 
, let 
be
with
, and let 
be the number of Even s. Then
where
is the Legendre Symbol.
References
Shanks, D. ``Gauss's Criterion.'' §1.17 in Solved and Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, 4th ed. New York: Chelsea, pp. 38-40, 1993.
- Value
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- Vampire Number
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- Vandermonde Determinant
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