Klein bottle

Where a Möbius strip is a two dimensional object with only one surface and one edge, a Klein bottle is a two dimensional object with a single surface, and no edges. Consider for comparison, that a sphere is a two dimensional surface with no edges, but that has two surfaces.

A Klein bottle can be constructed by taking a rectangular subset of ${ℝ}^2$ and identifying opposite edges with each other, in the following fashion:

Consider the rectangular subset $[-1,1]\times [-1,1]$. Identify the points $(x,1)$ with $(x,-1)$, and the points $(1,y)$ with the points $(-1,-y)$. Doing these two operations simultaneously will give you the Klein bottle.

Visually, the above is accomplished by the following. Take a rectangle, and match up the arrows on the edges so that their orientation matches:

This of course is completely impossible to do physically in 3-dimensional space; to be able to properly create a Klein bottle, one would need to be able to build it in 4-dimensional space.

To construct a pseudo-Klein bottle in 3-dimensional space, you would first take a cylinder and cut a hole at one point on the side. Next, bend one end of the cylinder through that hole, and attach it to the other end of the clyinder.

A Klein bottle may be parametrized by the following equations:

$x$

$y$

$z$$=r\sin (v)$

where $v\in [0,2\pi ],u\in [0,2\pi ],r=c(1-\frac{\cos (u)}{2})$ and $a,b,c$ are chosen arbitrarily.