Landsberg-Schaar relation
The Landsberg-Schaar relation states that for any positive integers and :
(1) |
Although both sides of (1) are mere finite sums,no one has yet found a proof which uses no infinitelimiting process. One way to prove it is to put, where , inthis identity
due to Jacobi:
(2) |
and let . The details can be found here (http://planetmath.org/ProofOfJacobisIdentityForVarthetaFunctions). The identity (2) is a basic one in the theory oftheta functions. It is sometimes called the functional equation for the Riemann theta function
. See e.g. [2 VII.6.2].
If we just let in the Landsberg-Schaar identity, it reduces to a formulafor the quadratic Gauss sum mod ; notice that need not be prime.
References:
[1] H. Dym and H.P. McKean. Fourier Series and Integrals. Academic Press, 1972.
[2] J.-P. Serre. A Course in Arithmetic. Springer, 1970.