proof of Cauchy-Davenport theorem
There is a proof, essentially from here http://www.math.tau.ac.il/ nogaa/PDFS/annr3.pdf(Imre Ruzsa et al.):
Let and and .If , the assertion is true, now assume .Form the polynomial .The sum is over , with , because there are factors in the product.
Since is a field, there are polynomials of degree and of degree such that for all and for all .Define a polynomial by.
This polynomial coincides with for all in and in , for these , we have, however, .The polynomial is of degree in and of degree in .Let , then is zero for all , and all coefficients must be zero. Finally, is zero for all , and all coefficients of must be zero as elements of .
Should the assertion of the theorem be false, then there are numbers , with and and .
But the monomial does not appear in the second and third sum, because for we have , and for we have .Then is equal to , this is equal to the binomial coefficient , which is not divisible by for , a contradiction
.The Cauchy-Davenport theorem
is proved.