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单词 ProofOfTheCauchyRiemannEquations
释义

proof of the Cauchy-Riemann equations


Existence of complex derivative implies the Cauchy-Riemannequations.

Suppose that the complexderivativeMathworldPlanetmath

f(z)=limζ0f(z+ζ)-f(z)ζ(1)

exists for some z.This means that for all ϵ>0, there exists a ρ>0, such thatfor all complex ζ with|ζ|<ρ, we have

|f(z)-f(z+ζ)-f(z)ζ|<ϵ.

Henceforth, set

f=u+iv,z=x+iy.

If ζ isreal, then the above limit reduces to a partial derivativeMathworldPlanetmath in x, i.e.

f(z)=fx=ux+ivx,

Taking the limit with animaginary ζ we deduce that

f(z)=-ify=-iuy+vy.

Therefore

fx=-ify,

and breaking this relation up into its real and imaginary parts givesthe Cauchy-Riemann equationsMathworldPlanetmath.

The Cauchy-Riemannequations imply the existence of a complex derivative.

Suppose that the Cauchy-Riemannequations

ux=vy,uy=-vx,

hold for a fixed (x,y)2,and that all thepartial derivatives are continuous at (x,y) as well. The continuityimplies that all directional derivativesPlanetmathPlanetmath exist as well. Inother words, for ξ,η and ρ=ξ2+η2we have

u(x+ξ,y+η)-u(x,y)-(ξux+ηuy)ρ0,as ρ0,

with a similar relation holding for v(x,y). Combining the two scalarrelations into a vector relation we obtain

ρ-1(u(x+ξ,y+η)v(x+ξ,y+η))-(u(x,y)v(x,y))-(uxuyvxvy)(ξη)0,as ρ0.

Note thatthe Cauchy-Riemann equations imply that the matrix-vector productabove is equivalent to the product of two complex numbersMathworldPlanetmathPlanetmath, namely

(ux+ivx)(ξ+iη).

Setting

f(z)=u(x,y)+iv(x,y),
f(z)=ux+ivx
ζ=ξ+iη

we can therefore rewrite the above limit relation as

|f(z+ζ)-f(z)-f(z)ζζ|0,as ρ0,

which is the complex limit definition of f(z) shownin (1).

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更新时间:2025/5/4 7:13:09