proof of the Cauchy-Riemann equations
Existence of complex derivative implies the Cauchy-Riemannequations.
Suppose that the complexderivative
(1) |
exists for some .This means that for all , there exists a , such thatfor all complex with, we have
Henceforth, set
If isreal, then the above limit reduces to a partial derivative in , i.e.
Taking the limit with animaginary we deduce that
Therefore
and breaking this relation up into its real and imaginary parts givesthe Cauchy-Riemann equations.
The Cauchy-Riemannequations imply the existence of a complex derivative.
Suppose that the Cauchy-Riemannequations
hold for a fixed ,and that all thepartial derivatives are continuous at as well. The continuityimplies that all directional derivatives exist as well. Inother words, for and we have
with a similar relation holding for . Combining the two scalarrelations into a vector relation we obtain
Note thatthe Cauchy-Riemann equations imply that the matrix-vector productabove is equivalent to the product of two complex numbers, namely
Setting
we can therefore rewrite the above limit relation as
which is the complex limit definition of shownin (1).