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单词 PropertiesOfTheJacobsonRadical
释义

properties of the Jacobson radical


Theorem:
Let R,T be rings and φ:RT be a surjectivePlanetmathPlanetmath homomorphismPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmath. Then φ(J(R))J(T).

Proof:
We shall use the characterization of the Jacobson radicalMathworldPlanetmath as the set of all aR such that for all rR, 1-ra is left invertible.

Let aJ(R),tT. We claim that 1-tφ(a) is left invertible:

Since φ is surjective, t=φ(r) for some rR. Since aJ(R), we know 1-ra is left invertible, so there exists uR such thatu(1-ra)=1. Then we have

φ(u)(φ(1)-φ(r)φ(a))=φ(u)φ(1-ra)=φ(1)=1

So φ(a)J(T) as required.

Theorem:
Let R,T be rings. Then J(R×T)J(R)×J(T).

Proof:
Let π1:R×TR be a (surjective) projectionPlanetmathPlanetmath.By the previous theorem, π1(J(R×T))J(R).

Similarly let π2:R×TT be a (surjective) projection. We see that π2(J(R×T))J(T).

Now take (a,b)J(R×T). Note that a=π1(a,b)J(R) and b=π2(a,b)J(T). Hence (a,b)J(R)×J(T) as required.

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更新时间:2025/5/4 17:00:33