请输入您要查询的字词:

 

单词 DiracMeasure
释义

Dirac measure


Let X be a nonempty set. Let 𝒫(X) denote the power setMathworldPlanetmath of X. Then (X,𝒫(X)) is a measurable spaceMathworldPlanetmathPlanetmath.

Let xX. The Dirac measure concentrated at x is δx:𝒫(X){0,1} defined by

δx(E)={1if xE0if xE.

Note that the Dirac measure δx is indeed a measureMathworldPlanetmath:

  1. 1.

    Since x, we have δx()=0.

  2. 2.

    If {An}n is a sequence of pairwise disjoint subsets of X, then one of the following must happen:

    • xnAn, in which case δx(nAn)=0 and δx(An)=0 for every n;

    • xnAn, in which case xAn0 for exactly one n0, causing δx(nAn)=1, δx(An0)=1, and δx(An)=0 for every n with nn0.

Also note that (X,𝒫(X),δx) is a probability space.

Let ¯ denote the extended real numbers. Then for any function f:X¯, the integral of f with respect to the Dirac measure δx is

Xf𝑑δx=f(x).

In other words, integration with respect to the Dirac measure δx amounts to evaluating the function at x.

If X=, m denotes Lebesgue measureMathworldPlanetmath, A is a Lebesgue measurable subset of , and δ (no ) denotes the Dirac delta function, then for any measurable functionMathworldPlanetmath f:, we have

Aδ(t-x)f(t)𝑑m(t)=Af𝑑δx=f(x)δx(A).

Moreover, if f is defined so that f(t)=1 for all tA, the above becomes

Aδ(t-x)𝑑m(t)=A𝑑δx=δx(A).

In other words, the function δ(t-x) (with x fixed and t a real variable) behaves like a Radon-Nikodym derivativeMathworldPlanetmath of δx with respect to m.

Note that, just as the Dirac delta function is a misnomer (it is not really a function), there is not really a Radon-Nikodym derivative of δx with respect to m, since δx is not absolutely continuousMathworldPlanetmath with respect to m.

TitleDirac measure
Canonical nameDiracMeasure
Date of creation2013-03-22 17:19:40
Last modified on2013-03-22 17:19:40
OwnerWkbj79 (1863)
Last modified byWkbj79 (1863)
Numerical id18
AuthorWkbj79 (1863)
Entry typeDefinition
Classificationmsc 60A10
Classificationmsc 26A42
Classificationmsc 28A25
Classificationmsc 28A12
Classificationmsc 28A10
Related topicMeasure
Related topicIntegral2
Related topicDiracDeltaFunction
随便看

 

数学辞典收录了18232条数学词条,基本涵盖了常用数学知识及数学英语单词词组的翻译及用法,是数学学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2000-2023 Newdu.com.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2025/5/3 13:38:00