ergodicity of a map in terms of its induced operator
Theorem - Let be a probability space and a measure-preserving transformation. The following statements are equivalent
:
- 1.
- is ergodic.
- 2.
- If is a measurable function
and a.e. (http://planetmath.org/AlmostSurely), then is constant a.e.
- 3.
- If is a measurable function and a.e., then is constant a.e.
- 4.
- If and a.e., then is constant a.e..
- 5.
- If , with , and a.e., then is constant a.e.
Let denote the operator induced by (http://planetmath.org/OperatorInducedByAMeasurePreservingMap), i.e. the operator defined by . The statements above are statements about . The above theorem can be rewritten as follows:
Theorem - Let be a probability space and a measure-preserving transformation. The following statements are equivalent:
- 1.
- is ergodic.
- 2.
- The only fixed points
of are the functions that are constant a.e.
- 3.
- If a measurable function and a.e., then is constant a.e.
- 4.
- The eigenspace of (seen as an operator in , with ) associated with the eigenvalue , is one-dimensional and consists of functions that are constant a.e.