“Cross-Cap”的概念、定义、习题解题方法及翻译-数学辞典

单词

Cross-Cap

释义

Cross-Cap

The self-intersection of a one-sided Surface. It can be described as a circular Hole which, when entered,exits from its opposite point (from a topological viewpoint, both singular points on the cross-cap are equivalent). Thecross-cap has a segment of double points which terminates at two ``Pinch Points'' known asWhitney Singularities.

The cross-cap can be generated using the general method for Nonorientable Surfaces using the polynomial function

(1)

(Pinkall 1986). Transforming to Spherical Coordinates gives

			(2)
			(3)
			(4)

for

and

. To make the equations slightly simpler, all three equations are normallymultiplied by a factor of 2 to clear the arbitrary scaling constant. Three views of the cross-cap generated using thisequation are shown above. Note that the middle one looks suspiciously like Maeder's Owl Minimal Surface.

Another representation is

(5)

(Gray 1993), giving parametric equations

			(6)
			(7)
			(8)

(Geometry Center) where, for aesthetic reasons, the

- and

-coordinates have been multiplied by 2 to produce asquashed, but topologically equivalent, surface. Nordstrand gives the implicit equation

(9)

which can be solved for

to yield

(10)

Taking the inversion of a cross-cap such that (0, 0, ) is sent to gives aCylindroid, shown above (Pinkall 1986).

The cross-cap is one of the three possible Surfaces obtained by sewing aMöbius Strip to the edge of a Disk. The other two are the Boy Surface andRoman Surface.

See also Boy Surface, Möbius Strip, Nonorientable Surface, Projective Plane, Roman Surface

References

Fischer, G. (Ed.). Plate 107 in Mathematische Modelle/Mathematical Models, Bildband/Photograph Volume. Braunschweig, Germany: Vieweg, p. 108, 1986.

Geometry Center. ``The Crosscap.'' http://www.geom.umn.edu/zoo/toptype/pplane/cap/.

Pinkall, U. Mathematical Models from the Collections of Universities and Museums (Ed. G. Fischer). Braunschweig, Germany: Vieweg, p. 64, 1986.

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