The Set containing no elements, denoted . Strangely, the empty set is both Open andClosed for any Set and Topology. A Groupoid, Semigroup, Quasigroup,Ringoid, and Semiring can be empty. A Monoid, Group, and Rings must have at least oneelement, while Division Rings and Fields must have at least two elements. References
Conway, J. H. and Guy, R. K. The Book of Numbers. New York: Springer-Verlag, p. 266, 1996.