homogeneous polynomial
Let be an associative ring. A (multivariate) polynomial over is said to be homogeneous of degree if it is expressible as an -linear combination
(http://planetmath.org/LinearCombination) of monomials
of degree :
where for all and .
A general homogeneous polynomial is also known sometimes as a polynomial form. A homogeneous polynomial of degree 1 is called a linear form; a homogeneous polynomial of degree 2 is called a quadratic form
; and a homogeneous polynomial of degree 3 is called a cubic form.
Remarks.
- 1.
If is a homogeneous polynomial over a ring with , then . In fact, a homogeneous function that is also a polynomial is a homogeneous polynomial.
- 2.
Every polynomial over can be expressed uniquely as a finite sum of homogeneous polynomials.The homogeneous polynomials that make up the polynomial are called the homogeneous components of .
- 3.
If and are homogeneous polynomials of degree and over a domain , then is homogeneous of degree . From this, one sees that given a domain , the ring is a graded ring
, where is a finite set of indeterminates. The condition that does not have any zero divisors
is essential here. As a counterexample, in , if and , then .
Examples
- •
is a homogeneous polynomial of degree 2. Notice the middle two monomials could be combined into the monomial 2xy if the variables are allowed to commute with one another.
- •
is not a homogeneous polynomial.
- •
is a polynomial that is the sum of four homogeneouspolynomials: (with degree 3), (degree = 2), (degree = 1) and (deg = 0).
- •
Every symmetric polynomial
can be written as a sum of symmetric
homogeneous polynomials.
Title | homogeneous polynomial |
Canonical name | HomogeneousPolynomial1 |
Date of creation | 2013-03-22 14:53:42 |
Last modified on | 2013-03-22 14:53:42 |
Owner | CWoo (3771) |
Last modified by | CWoo (3771) |
Numerical id | 17 |
Author | CWoo (3771) |
Entry type | Definition |
Classification | msc 16R99 |
Classification | msc 13B25 |
Classification | msc 16S36 |
Classification | msc 11E76 |
Synonym | polynomial form |
Related topic | HomogeneousIdeal |
Related topic | HomogeneousFunction |
Related topic | HomogeneousEquation |
Defines | homogeneous component |
Defines | cubic form |
Defines | linear form |