typical sequence
where H(X) denotes the Shannon entropy of the distribution. For ε > 0, the typical set 
is the set of sequences (x1, x2, …, xn) such that
It is then probable that a sequence will arise from the typical set despite, in most cases, 
being much smaller than 2n in size.
- bin packing problem
- biology
- biometry
- bipartite graph
- Birkhoff, George David
- birth-death process
- bisect
- bisection method
- bisector
- bit
- bivariate
- Black-Scholes equation
- blancmange function
- blinding
- block code
- block design
- block diagonal matrix
- block multiplication
- BODMAS
- body
- Bohr, Niels Henrik David
- Boltzmann, Ludwig
- Bolyai, János
- Bolzano's Theorem
- Bolzano-Weierstrass Theorem