probability

If the sample space S is finite and the possible outcomes are all equally likely, then the probability of the event A equals |A|/|S| (where | | denotes cardinality). The probability that a randomly selected element from a finite population belongs to a certain category is equal to the proportion of the population belonging to that category.

The probability that a discrete random variable X takes the value xi is denoted by Pr(X = xi) (see probability mass function). The probability that a continuous random variable X takes a value less than or equal to x is denoted by Pr(X ≤ x) (see cumulative distribution function).

The term ‘probability' also refers generally to the theory of probability and stochastic processes and is intimately linked with statistics.

See also conditional probability, laws of large numbers, prior probability, probability density function, probability space.

• Coxeter, (Harold Scott MacDonald) ‘Donald'
• Cox, Sir David
• Cramer, Gabriel
• Cramer's rule
• Crelle's Journal
• critical damping
• critical events
• critical path
• critical path algorithm
• critical path analysis
• critical point
• critical region
• critical value
• cross-correlation
• crossing number
• cross-multiply
• cross product
• cross ratio
• crude data
• cryptogram
• cryptography
• crystallographic groups
• cube
• cube root
• cube root of unity