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单词 CriterionOfSurjectivity
释义

criterion of surjectivity


Theorem.  For surjectivity of a mapping   f:AB,  it’s necessary and sufficient that

Bf(X)f(AX)XA.(1)

Proof.1o¯.  Suppose that  f:AB  is surjectivePlanetmathPlanetmath.  Let X be an arbitrary subset of A and y any element of the set Bf(X).  By the surjectivity, there is an x in A such that  f(x)=y, and since  yf(X),  the element x is not in X, i.e.  xAX  and thus  y=f(x)f(AX).  One can conclude that  Bf(X)f(AX)  for all  XA.

2o¯.  Conversely, suppose the condition (1).  Let again X be an arbitrary subset of A and y any element of B.  We have two possibilities:
a) yf(X); then  yBf(X), and by (1), yf(AX).  This means that there exists an element x of  AXA  such that  f(x)=y.
b) yf(X); then there exists an xXA  such that  f(x)=y.
The both cases show the surjectivity of f.

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更新时间:2025/5/3 14:47:32